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Primary Sources: World War II

Australians during World War II 

During World War II, Australia played a significant role as a member of the Allies, undergoing profound social, economic, and military transformations. Initially, Australia supported Britain, sending troops to the Middle East and Europe. The fall of Singapore in 1942 marked a turning point, bringing the war closer to home with the direct threat of Japanese invasion.

Australia's strategic focus shifted to the Pacific, with Prime Minister John Curtin forging a critical alliance with the United States. This partnership was solidified as American General Douglas MacArthur made Australia the base for Allied operations in the Pacific. The Australian military, alongside U.S. forces, participated in key campaigns in Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, notably in battles like Kokoda and Milne Bay, which were crucial in halting Japanese advances.

Domestically, the war effort galvanized the economy, leading to full employment and the establishment of new industries. Women entered the workforce in unprecedented numbers, filling roles traditionally held by men. The government implemented strict rationing and censorship, while also promoting war bonds and patriotic activities to support the troops.

The war's impact was profound, reshaping Australia's international relationships, fostering a sense of national identity, and laying the groundwork for post-war social and economic reforms.

Online Sources: Australia - WWII

Book Sources: Australia - WWII

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