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What: Author-Date citation system
| Author type |
Parenthetical
Citation |
Narrative
citation |
| one author |
(Rebar, 2020) |
Rebar (2020) |
| two authors |
(Rebar & Greene, date) |
Rebar and Greene (2020) |
| three or more authors |
(Rebar et al., 2020) |
Rebar et al. (2020) |
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Group author with abbreviation
First citation
Subsequent citations
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(National Institutes of Health [NIH], 2020)
(NIH, 2020)
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National Institutes of Health (NIH, 2020)
NIH (2020)
|
| Group author (without abbreviation) |
(Creative Commons, 2020) |
Creative Commons (2020) |
Direct Quotations:
Add a comma after date, the abbreviation for page (p.) or pages (pp.) if the quotation continues from one page to the next, and show page number(s) where direct quote appears in the original work. If a page number is not available, you may need to show a section of the work (or website), a paragraph number (counting down from the top of a webpage), etc.
(Rebar et al., 2020, p. 19)
(Rebar & Greene, 2020, pp. 19-20)
(Rebar, 2020, para. 5)
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Where to use:
| Author named in text |
Show date in parentheses immediately after author name(s) as stated by Rebar (2020) |
| Author not named in text |
Show author(s) and date in parentheses immediately after ideas, facts, etc. used in your paper (even if in the middle of a sentence) |
| More than one reference for an idea, fact, etc |
(Rebar & Greene, 2020; Smith et al., 2019)
Use a semicolon between author in-text citations if showing more than one reference for an idea, fact, etc.
Place the citations in alphabetical order when citing them parenthetically, and separate them with semicolons (as shown above).
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